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Fabella 1:109
Face, development 14:419–421
Facet articulation 21:603–605
Facial
anatomy 2:280–285
artery 2:50, 75; 21:482
canal 20:72, 196, 223, 232–234, 240, 272
carotid artery 20:460, 504
foramen 2:202, 227; 4:224, 226, 250, 257; 11:15, 26, 43–44, 54–55, 74, 76, 93, 98, 110, 112, 117, 137–140, 145, 160, 163, 170, 173, 186, 189, 203, 206–207, 209, 211, 217–218, 224, 231, 233; 20:72, 126, 128, 206, 222–223, 225, 234, 239–240, 272
ganglion 11:32
musculature 4:442
nerve 2:11, 50, 177, 197; 4:101, 118, 145, 162–164, 188, 226, 285, 287–288, 307, 309, 313, 319, 339, 384, 394; 11:12, 15, 22, 26, 28, 32, 34, 68, 106, 116, 136–137, 139, 146, 148, 160, 207, 214–215, 226, 239
pit 2:278, 280–289, 291–297; 10:292
physiology 2:280, 285–288, 297, 305–314
processes (see Mandibular process; Maxillary
process; Nasal process)
region 20:352, 361, 395, 486, 584
ultrastructure 2:305–314
wing of the maxilla 21:563
Factorial metabolic scope (see Aerobic metabolic
scope)
Factors 8:166, 333, 336, 339–340
Facultative hibernators 13:66–67
Falck-Hillarp method 10:249, 251, 281–282
Fallopian tube 6:85–87
False rib 1:231
Fang(s) (see also Teeth) 1:119, 124, 173, 175–178, 181–184; 5:431; 8:4, 73, 96; 20:488, 494, 497, 499, 501–503, 508, 512, 516–518, 527– 528, 533–535, 539–541, 543–547, 572
canal 8:121
erection 1:176, 178, 182–183; 11:169; 20:496, 516, 518, 542
front-fanged 20:534
sheath 8:74, 95, 120
sockets 20:492, 494, 512, 516, 531, 544, 549
Farancia 5:88, 133, 194; 7:386, 393, 500–501; 16:119–120, 134, 145, 286, 295, 307, 519; 19:228; 20:570, 582
abacura 19:206; 20:653
blood chemistry 3:5, 11, 51
ear 2:272
erytrogramma 19:166, 206; 20:653
eye 2:61
Fascia 5:65; 21:200
colli media 4:134, 174
intermaxillaris profunda 4:175
Fasciculation 21:197
Fasciculus
cuneate and gracile 10:121
dorsolateral 10:80
longitudinal medialis 17:262, 530, 553
medial longitudinal 10:79, 83, 89, 114, 118– 122, 126, 136, 139, 141, 143, 145, 147, 149, 151, 153, 155, 157–158, 161, 163–165, 167, 172, 182–183, 201–202, 206–207, 209–211, 232, 235–236, 238–239, 264
retroflexus (see Tract, habenulopeduncular)
solitary 10:139, 147, 169–170, 190, 202, 206, 209, 213, 216
subcomarginal 10:184
uncinatus 17:546, 568
Fast-albumin 3:50
Fast trot 21:53
-twitch fibers 21:207–208
-twitch glycolytic fibers 21:206
-twitch oxidative fibers 21:206
Fasting (see also Appetite) 5:129, 136, 166, 169, 172, 390–391, 395, 413; 8:91; 13:61–62, 64, 66, 118, 123, 135; 19:512
Fat(ty) (see also Lipids) 3:21, 26, 114, 210; 5:35–36, 79, 81, 402; 13:73, 128; 19:112, 495, 499, 501, 506, 510–513, 524
abdominal 15:346
acid(s) 3:26, 30; 5:199; 6:44; 8:668; 18:123, 153, 155, 169, 171, 194, 199, 203; 19:350–351, 501, 503, 512–513
and epidermal proliferation 14:551
free fatty acids 18:154–155, 203
in development 14:314–315
tissues 5:48
bands 15:318, 326, 331–333, 346, 352
body(ies) (see also Fat droplets) 2:58; 3:36–37, 99, 113; 6:101, 104–105, 332, 342, 350, 352–353; 13:76, 78–79, 94, 101, 211–212, 234; 15:38, 315, 330, 463; 19:486, 512
catabolism 5:172, 206
caudal regeneration 15:315–317, 359, 365–366, 369
conversion 5:172
dedifferentiation 15:355
dermal 14:529; 15:321, 327–328
droplets 6:33, 35, 47, 70, 72, 78
in yolk 15:575
inguinal 14:218
liver or steatosis 19:517, 524
lobules 6:319, 328, 353, 379–380, 389–390, 404, 428
metabolism 19:489, 512–513
by blastocyte 15:565
perivertebral 15:316, 335, 346
storage 1:311–312; 15:333, 346, 370, 575
subcutaneous 15:321, 325, 327–328
tail 15:315–317, 328
tissue 19:562
utilization 15:347
Fate maps 14:116
Fatigue 11:272, 281, 306, 314; 16:21
Faux cornet (see Postconcha)
Faveolus(i) (see also Parenchyma) 19:6–7, 9–11, 13–14, 18, 25, 34, 42–44, 52, 55, 59–60, 62– 64, 68, 76, 96, 108–111, 126, 138, 140–141, 145–146, 160, 162, 169, 328–329, 353
Feathers 14:526–529, 532, 536, 587–588
Fecal
boli
pellets 18:468
visual and chemical signals 18:472
energy loss 13:236
loss 5:381
material 18:116, 120–121, 131, 133–134, 164, 173, 178, 180, 182, 193, 205
pellets 5:97
production 5:170
Feces 5:97–98, 370, 372, 381, 385, 387, 390, 405–406, 483; 12:325, 354
excrement 8:607, 631, 656–657
Fecundity (see also Clutch frequency; Clutch
size; Reproduction; Life history methods;
Life history traits) 13:234, 236, 241, 243; 14:200
components of 7:185–186
lizards 7:185–191
snakes 7:224–227
Feedback control, reproduction 18:2
Feeding (see also Digestion; Eating; Food; Nutritional
State) 3:13, 15–17, 20, 53; 5:23–24, 36, 85, 128, 169, 391, 396–397; 12:135, 145, 232, 301, 446; 13:5–6, 74, 78, 81–82, 118, 120, 123, 136; 18:54, 130, 388, 424–425, 483–492; 19:148, 298, 335, 455, 462, 474, 486, 524; 20:370, 386, 396, 564, 570
adaptation 9:29
apparatus, birds 7:72
behavior 2:296
function 4:245–249
habits 5:24
mimicry (see Mimicry)
rates 5:191
Feet 5:50
Felderstruktur 11:268, 271, 274, 276
Felis 15:341; 16:6, 69; 21:292
catus 20:374
chondrocranium 11:134
muscle tissue 11:281–282, 302
pit organs 2:293–294
Female(s)
coloration
adaptive hypotheses (see Coloration,
female)
heterogametry 18:76, 78
mate choice (see Mating, female; Sexual,
female behavior)
sexual behavior (see Mating, female;
Sexual, female behavior)
follicles 16:359–361, 365–366
maturity criteria 16:354–356
mimicry (see Mimicry, sexual)
reproductive cycles 16:358–360, 399–400, 418–419
Feminization 15:247, 249, 254, 256–258, 260–261, 263, 269, 271, 276; 18:78–81, 84
Femoral
condyle 21:359
gastrocnemius 21:324, 326
gland(s) 6:334, 348, 367, 372, 395–396; 14:571–573
long axis rotation 21:356, 358, 360, 362
nerve 4:63
pore (gland) (see also Gland, femoral) 18:166– 168, 175
pore secretion 18:168
pores 15:453, 471, 474, 477, 481–484, 487, 489, 514
shield 1:315–317, 330
trochanter 21:336, 346, 354, 358–360
vein 3:3; 6:30, 393
Femoroacetabular joint 21:151, 355
Femorofibular
collaterals 21:154
ligament 21:150
Femoromeniscal ligaments 21:154
Femorotibial
collateral ligament 21:150, 154, 159
gastrocnemius 21:18, 324, 326
joint 21:191
Femorotibialis 21:323
Femortibialis 21:206
Femur 1:88, 91, 96, 98–99, 104, 109; 3:243; 4:5, 8, 55–58, 65–68, 70, 72–75, 82, 84, 87–88, 95–96; 6:331–332, 393; 21:13, 19, 22, 38–39, 41–42, 46–47, 52–54, 58, 136, 139, 147, 149, 1541–154, 157, 159, 191, 206, 321, 326, 328, 336–338, 340, 342, 344, 346, 348–350, 355–356, 368–361, 367, 371, 376
development 15:74, 78–80, 110, 114, 119
growth annuli 14:350
ossification 14:313
rudiment 15:15, 101, 107–110, 118, 120
Fenestra
basalis 11:19
basicranialis anterior 9:2
basicranialis posterior 9:7
cochleare (see Perilymphatic foramen)
epioptica 4:250–251, 254–255; 9:2, 5–6; 11:21, 90, 112, 119, 124, 231, 233, 236
epiotica 11:15, 22, 55
exochoanalis 11:61
exonarina 20:14
hyoidis 4:159, 175
hypophyseal 9:5, 7
lateralis 11:15–16, 46, 49–50, 52, 55, 57, 65, 71–72, 75, 77, 79, 86–88, 92, 96, 103–104, 106, 120, 140, 142, 158, 197, 225
metoptica 4:250–251; 9:2, 6–7, 56, 94, 112–113; 11:15, 21, 43–44, 55, 90, 109, 116, 121, 210, 231, 233, 236
narina 4:250; 11:12, 15–16, 18–19, 49, 54–55, 66, 68, 72, 75–77, 86, 88, 93, 98, 119, 127, 140–141, 160, 166, 173, 181, 208–209, 211, 229, 231–233
olfactoria 9:6, 10; 11:12, 15, 18, 76, 88, 93–94, 97–98, 110, 117, 122, 126, 140, 142, 160, 166, 173, 180, 202, 208–209, 211–212, 231
olfactoria advehens 11:16, 18–19, 87, 96, 142, 195, 202, 208
olfactoria evehens 11:16, 18–19, 77, 142, 195, 202, 208
optica 4:250–251, 254–255; 9:2, 6, 18; 11:12, 15, 21, 24, 44, 52, 54–55, 66, 68, 76, 85, 90, 93–94, 98, 103, 110, 112, 115, 117, 119, 124, 206, 209–210, 224, 230–231, 233, 236; 14:125
ovalis 1:12, 25, 31; 4:257; 9:59, 105, 108, 113, 117, 125, 131; 11:22, 25, 27–28, 31, 45, 55, 57, 76, 84, 98, 112, 117, 139, 147, 150, 173, 182, 185, 207, 211, 221–222; 12:137; 20:11, 31, 33–34, 39, 42, 73, 89, 114, 126, 128, 148, 150, 164, 183, 186, 193, 195, 204, 206, 209, 216–217, 223, 226, 244, 246, 248, 272, 282, 450, 484–485; 21:496, 525
postotica 9:15–16
premaxillaris (see Foramen incisivum)
prootica 4:250–251; 9:2, 6, 71; 11:12, 21, 30, 32, 55, 68, 90, 109, 209, 231, 233, 236
pseudorotunda 9:14; 11:238, 246; 21:489, 502
pseudorotundo 2:233, 259, 261
rotunda 11:27, 29, 60, 100, 105, 107, 112, 145; 20:34, 416; 21:499
septa 9:2, 18
septi 11:94, 97
septi nasi 11:208–209
sterni 21:66
superior 11:15–16, 46, 48, 65–66, 71, 75–76, 86–87, 90, 92, 96, 103–104, 117, 120, 122, 126–127, 141, 158, 202, 208, 225
vestibuli (see Vestibular window; Fenestra
ovalis)
vomeronasalis 11:152
X 11:3, 78, 138–140, 144, 159–160, 163, 166, 172–173, 186, 189, 203
“x” 21:515, 530
Ferric ferricyanide 3:279, 282, 287, 299, 301, 303
Ferricyanide 5:275
Ferritin 11:316; 19:515
Fertility 14:276, 498; 15:457
Fertilization 6:62, 78, 92, 94–96, 121; 14:13, 279, 347–348, 516; 15:3, 38, 40, 47, 464; 16:312–313, 315; 18:28, 56, 378, 380–381
Fetus(al) 19:148, 488
blood oxygen affinity 15:562–563
capillaries 15:551, 556, 558, 564, 575, 594
definition of 14:16
hemoglobin 3:44
hormones 14:716
-maternal shift in affinity for oxygen 5:266
membrane(s) (see also Extra-embryonic membranes) 14:16, 278
formation 15:548–549
vascularization 15:536–540
metabolism 15:562, 571, 575
proteins 15:571, 575
Feulgen
reaction 6:229, 294
staining 14:12, 44
Feylinia 8:680; 9:322; 15:115; 16:141; 20:138, 140–142, 144–149, 252; 21:485
adrenal 3:280
axial muscles 11:357, 381, 383–386, 402, 422
axial skeleton 1:242, 247, 253–255, 257–258, 262, 266–267, 269–270
blood cell morphology 3:77, 81
chondrocranium 11:85
currori 20:142–143, 298, 307
dentition 1:166
ear 2:271
elegans 20:298
jaw muscles 4:358, 360
pituitary 3:175
polylepis 21:7
Feyliniidae (Feylinidae) 8:46; 9:166; 15:324–325, 334; 17:248
adrenal 3:280
axial skeleton 1:242, 259, 263
blood cell morphology 3:77
ear 2:240–241
eye 2:14, 87
histology of gut 6:229, 299
jaw muscles 4:316, 358–361, 418
pituitary 3:136, 143, 146, 151, 154, 175–176, 192, 194
thyroid 3:205
Feylininae 20:138, 140–141, 307
Fiber(s) 8:631
climbing 17:513, 526
collagenous 3:276, 278, 281, 286
elastic 3:207, 276, 286
fast glycolytic (FG) 11:266, 280–282, 284, 296
fast oxidative-glycolytic (FOG) 11:266–267, 280–282, 294, 296
fast twitch 11:268, 273, 280, 285, 290–291, 295, 297, 300, 303, 306, 335
fatigue-resistant (FR) 11:280, 285
fatigue-sensitive (FF) 11:280
muscle 3:286
parallel 17:513–514
red 11:275–276, 279, 281–283, 286
reticular 3:120–121, 276, 278, 281, 286
slow (β) 11:266, 280, 285, 306, 314
slow-twitch oxidative (SO) 11:266–268, 280–281, 286, 290–291, 295–297, 300, 303, 335
tonic 11:266, 268–272, 274–276, 278–279, 281–282, 284–286, 288–291, 294–298, 300, 302–303, 314, 334
twitch 11:266, 268–276, 278–279, 282, 284–185, 288–290, 294, 298, 300, 302, 308, 314, 334–335
type composition 21:206
typing 21:205
white 11:275–276, 279, 281–283, 286, 293
Fibrillation, muscular 8:467
Fibrillenstruktur 11:267, 276, 295
Fibrin 3:34; 8:335, 337–440, 491–492, 494; 19:521
Fibrinogen 3:27, 34; 8:334–440, 491–492, 494– 495, 498; 13:91–92; 19:514–515
denaturation 8:491
Fibrinogenocoagulase (see also Coagulase) 8:165, 324
Fibrinolysis 8:192, 491
Fibrinolytic
activity (factor) 8:166, 496, 528
system 8:494
Fibrinopenia 8:495
Fibrinopeptide (A) 8:332, 494
Fibroblast(s) 2:214, 216, 238; 6:57,60, 72, 82, 92, 97–99, 103; 8:500; 14:56, 529–530, 560, 562, 567, 617
in caudal regeneration 15:358
thecal 15:579
Fibrocartilage 1:81–83, 108
Fibrocyte 6:161–163, 218, 235–236, 411; 9:329, 431
Fibrocytes 3:281
Fibrosis 19:517–518, 521
“Fibrous” bone 1:49
Fibrous
cartilage 1:330
connective tissues 20:358, 376, 383, 397, 480
cushion of mandibular adductor tendon 4:205, 211, 215, 219, 221, 239–240, 258
matrix 1:49
Fibrovesicular tissue 1:91, 103, 108, 110–111
Fibula 3:243; 4:58–59, 63, 66, 82–84, 88–89, 96–97; 14:447; 21:10, 22–23, 42, 120, 150, 152–154, 156–157, 159, 161–162, 167, 170, 191, 350, 366–367, 384–386, 388
development 15:78, 80, 110, 114
ossification 14:313
rudiment 15:121
suppression 15:115
Fibular-astragalocalcaneal
joint 21:10
condyle 4:55–56
epicondyle 4:55–56, 87–88
Fibulare (see also Calcaneum) 15:77, 80–81; 21:120, 162–164, 166
Ficimia 15:647; 16:119; 19:232; 20:565
ear 2:272
olivacea 19:153, 168, 206; 20:639
publia 19:141, 153, 206
ruspator 19:206
streckeri 19:142, 206
Fick equation 5:250; 16:573
principle 5:251, 282–283, 302
Fick’s law 14:550; 19:52, 431–432, 464
law of diffusion 12:449–451
Field
control 1:325
L 10:191, 330
metabolism 13:189–192, 238, 240, 255, 263
aerobic 13:190–191
anaerobic 13:191–192
behavior 13:190–191, 193
Fifth
digit 21:42, 180, 182–184, 186, 191
distal carpal 21:117, 128, 317
distal tarsal 21:10, 176, 184–185
metacarpal 21:10, 128, 136, 285, 289–290, 298–300, 314
metatarsal 21:10, 16, 163, 165, 173, 175–176, 180–186, 191, 367–368, 376–377, 380, 388, 390–391, 393
tarsale 21:165
Filaments 11:269, 273–274, 295
Filiform projection 5:197
Filtered
calcium 5:482
phosphate 5:482
potassium 5:478–479
sodium 5:465–468, 470–471, 482
Filtering nephrons 5:465, 470
Filtration 5:276, 458, 461, 464; 19:489
coefficient 5:459
pressure 6:35
rate 5:448, 455–460, 476
Fimbrios 19:224; 21:524, 555, 584; 20:556, 573–574
eye 2:49
jaw muscles 4:481
klossi 19:206; 20:631; 21:532, 578
Fine-cancellous bone 1:49–50, 77
segment of uriniferous tubule (see Intermediate
segment of uriniferous tubule)
Finger bud 14:26
Fink-Heimer stain 17:176
Finquel 5:45
First
ceratobranchiale 21:229, 233
distal carpal 21:118, 120, 122, 125, 128–129
distal tarsal 21:118, 120, 122, 125, 128–129
dorsal constrictor 21:480, 511, 551
intercentrum 21:544
metacarpal 21:10, 127, 129, 285, 290–291, 296–298
metatarsal 21:163, 165, 168, 177, 179–181, 387, 389
sternal rib 21:238
tarsale 21:176
Fish(es) (including commonly named taxa) 5:14, 157, 165, 170, 206, 229, 248, 251, 253, 258, 276, 303, 341, 344, 408, 413, 428, 436; 7:614, 622–623, 631; 8:2, 5, 377, 594, 605, 608, 612, 618; 9:383, 409, 418, 422; 10:290, 325, 332; 12:5, 46–47, 227, 233, 256, 353, 356, 398; 13:12, 155–156, 166, 175, 244; 16:8, 51, 112, 163, 173, 183, 203–204, 212, 293, 308, 312–315; 19:67, 310, 316, 324, 341, 376–377, 426, 489, 491, 498, 503–504, 507–508, 515, 524, 535–537, 541, 543–544, 561–567, 570–578
autotomy 15:303
axial skeleton 1:207
blood chemistry 3:25
branchial cleft 14:416
dentition 1:117, 125–126
-eating 4:245–246, 249, 267–268, 280
effect of temperature on sex 15:281–282
epidermis 14:531
epiphyses and sesamoids 1:106
eye 2:82, 84
gill formation 14:416
hermaphroditism 15:282
histology of gut 6:232
immune system 14:666
internal relief of gut 6:219
lymphatics 6:315, 357
muscle tissue 11:292, 317
origin and evolution 1:30, 36
pancreas 3:328–329, 333, 341
parthenogenesis 15:413
regeneration 15:413
scales 14:526
thymus 3:116
thyroid 3:201
urogenital system 6:1, 36, 52
Fissura
metotica 4:227, 249; 9:3, 7, 13–14, 59; 20:382, 390, 416, 485, 591
orbitonasalis 9:7
palatina lateralis (see Choanal groove; Lateral
choanal fissure)
prima 17:500, 504
secunda 17:500, 504
Fissure, anterior median 10:62
Fitch’s method 16:345
Fitness 16:333
Flaccid paralysis 8:449, 454
Flagella 6:94
Flagellata, blood cell morphology 3:88
Flagellum 2:157
Flammability 5:49
Flange 20:18
Flash response 10:297
Flaxedil 8:463
Flexion
of the forelimb 4:5, 11, 28, 34–35, 45–49
of the hindlimb 4:58, 66, 68, 75, 78–79, 88–90, 96
Flexor
accessorius 21:373
carpi radialis 21:213
carpi ulnaris 1:109; 21:213
cruris 21:35, 322, 327, 353, 361–363
digitorum longus 21:212, 324
hallucis 21:324
of the fifth metatarsal 21:393
plate 4:22, 40, 46–51, 88–89
tendon 4:19, 22, 40, 46, 48–49, 51, 62, 71, 77, 83, 88–89, 93
tibialis 21:335
tibialis externus 21:203, 323, 331, 335
tibialis internus 21:203, 323, 331, 335
Flexores
breves profunbdi 21:317
digitores breves 21:213, 324
Flexure
cervical 9:177–178
cranial 9:1, 174, 178
pontine 9:177–178
Flicker fusion (see Senses)
Flies 5:27
Flippers, development 14:296
Floating rib 1:231
Flocculation 8:342, 365
Floccular recess 20:72
Flocculus 9:51, 53, 58, 86, 88, 95, 97–98, 113–114, 125–126, 128, 130–134; 17:497, 499–501, 504, 537, 540, 543, 557, 564
Floor plate 9:179
Flower-spray ending 11:317, 325
Fluctuating asymmetry 21:49
Fluid
balance 19:468
compartments (see Body fluids)
concentration 5:422, 426, 433
reabsorption 5:385
Fluorescein 8:125, 128, 144
isothiocyanate 8:129
Fluorescence 10:10, 18, 24, 26, 35, 39–40, 265–266, 269, 276, 281; 18:168
microscopy 6:256
Fluorescent
antibody 8:129, 362
lamps 5:24
Fluoride 3:46 5-Fluoro-2-Desoxyuridine 14:456, 458–459, 462
Fluorochromes 20:521
Fluorometry 10:248
Fluothane 3:2; 5:48; 8:96
FMRFamide 17:685–686
Fog 12:360
Folds in wall of digestive tract 6:161–222, 417, 419–421
Foley catheter 5:98
Folic acid 3:38
Follicle(s) (see also under specific organs; Ovarian
follicle; Reproduction) 5:36; 18:35
cells (see also Granulosa) 14:62–63
follicular cycle 18:34–35
follicular stages 18:54
of thyroid gland 6:328
stimulating hormone (FSH) (see also Ovarian
follicle) 6:80, 116, 121; 13:208, 218–219, 221–222; 14:51, 64, 346, 709; 15:587–588; 17:605; 18:33
Follicular growth (see also Ovarian follicle) 14:341–342
Folliculine 15:254
Food 5:3–4, 27, 128, 169, 318, 366, 370–371, 382, 387, 391–392, 398, 402–403, 407, 436; 8:8, 589, 698; 12:56, 145, 286, 302, 325, 353, 356–357, 384; 13:1–2, 295–297; 18:163, 193, 198
chemical breakdown 8:591–592, 631
consumption 5:169–170
decomposition rate 8:665
intake 16:302–305, 309, 312
mechanical reduction 8:592, 631, 647–654
ontogenetic change of 8:658
pH 8:665
presentation 5:24
putrefaction 8:665
rate of passage 8:654–655, 665
specializations 5:318
storage 1:311–312
supplementation 13:295–297, 301
supply 13:65, 211–212, 295–297
Foot pads 14:550, 577, 580, 584, 587
Foot-pieces 33–34, 36, 38, 40, 46, 48, 54, 66, 85
Footfall patterns 21:47, 52
Footplate (see also stapedial footplate) 20:34, 75, 102, 114, 126, 135–136, 148, 157, 193, 195, 216, 224, 247, 249, 272
of the columella auris 11:25–28, 31, 34–35, 46, 54–55, 57, 66, 68–69, 76, 78–79, 93, 98, 100, 105–107, 119, 124, 132, 139–140, 147–148, 160, 163, 173, 182–183, 204, 222, 233, 238, 243
of stapes 2:197, 199–200, 219, 224–231, 233–234, 236–237, 247–248, 250, 252, 255–258, 260; 21:496
Foraging 18:175, 426
activities 13:304
behavior (see Life history traits, foraging
mode)
antipredator mechanisms 16:27, 38, 47–48, 59, 61, 64, 180–181, 206–208, 212–214, 264, 495
parental care 16:302–305
strategies 7:22, 273–277, 279, 282, 289–290
mixed 7:290
searching 7:177–178, 282, 299
sit and wait 7:273, 276
Foramen
IX–X 21:494
IXa 21:500
IXb 21:493
abducens 9:44, 80, 99, 113
acousticum 9:13–14, 44
acusticum anterius 4:250; 20:72
acusticum posterius 4:250
aërerum 4:205, 215, 217, 219–221, 237, 255–256, 258
apicale 11:15–19, 45, 52, 55, 74–76, 93–94, 97–98, 103, 106, 108, 117, 126, 142, 200, 208, 232–233
caroticum anterius 4:224, 228
caroticum posterius 4:205, 214, 217, 219, 221, 226, 238, 254–256
carotid 9:5, 81, 122
cochleae (see Perilymphatic foramen)
endolymphatic 9:7
endolymphaticum 4:250
epiphaniale 11:15–16, 18–19, 46, 51–52, 55, 66, 72, 79, 87–88, 93–94, 96, 103, 110, 126–127, 140, 142, 160, 163, 165–166, 173, 176, 208–209, 232, 240
“f” 21:520–521
facial 9:13–14, 44, 58
for cerebral carotid 21:531
for dorsal constrictor branch of trigeminal 20:441, 502, 543, 562
for facial nerve 20:361, 379, 441–442, 463
for mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve 20:361, 399, 407, 431, 434, 441–442, 453, 455, 458, 462–463, 465, 467, 473, 477, 507, 511, 513, 525, 527, 533, 538–541, 543, 562, 564–566, 571
for maxillary and mandibular branches of
trigeminal (undivided) 20:361, 365, 369, 371, 379, 389, 391
for maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve 20:361, 399, 407, 431, 434, 439, 441–442, 453, 455, 463, 465–467, 473, 479, 502, 511, 513, 525, 527, 533, 538–541, 543, 562, 564, 566, 571
for palatine branch of facial nerve 20:379, 453
for re-entry of the cid-nerve 21:516
for suborbital branch of maxillary nerve 20:427, 444, 481
for vomeronasal nerve 20:406, 470, 568
glossopharyngeal 9:14–15, 44, 80, 99, 115, 117, 119, 128
of Huxley 2:229, 233
hypoglossal 9:3, 34, 44, 59, 77, 104, 108, 121, 124
incisivum 4:204, 209–210, 213, 216, 218, 220, 222, 229, 234, 254, 256, 258, 274–275
intermandibularis caudalis 4:205, 211, 215, 217, 219, 221, 241
intermandibularis medius 4:205, 211, 215, 217, 219, 221, 241
intermandibularis oralis 4:241, 258
intertympanicum 4:278
juglar 9:15–16, 59
jugulare 21:493
jugulare anterius 11:213
lacerum posterius 21:493
of Leydig 21:146
magnum 4:147, 224, 226, 268; 9:7, 50, 58–59, 83–84, 95, 102, 105, 108, 114, 121, 124, 126, 134, 295, 298, 303; 11:12, 27, 29, 56, 60, 93, 112, 117, 144, 151, 213, 231, 233; 20:15, 115, 124, 363, 374, 526, 567, 587, 589; 21:545
mandibulae 4:188–189
metopticum 9:11, 57, 95, 100
occipitale magnum (see Foramen magnum)
oculomotor 9:44, 99, 113
olfactorium evehens 9:5
opti 9:6, 10, 51, 44, 48, 56, 70, 76, 81, 94, 96, 99, 104, 117, 119
orbitale magnum 9:9; 11:155, 163, 185; 20:428
otico-parietale 9:12
ovale 4:119, 202, 205, 211, 214, 217, 219, 221, 224, 227–229, 235–238, 255, 257, 320, 342, 367, 405, 407, 425, 438, 464; 19:436; 20:365, 390, 407, 441, 507, 526, 529, 531, 539–540, 567
of Panizza 5:8, 289, 291; 14:437; 19:390–391, 395–398, 403, 429–430, 434–435, 437–441
parietal 9:57, 69, 76, 78, 119–120, 122–124, 126–128, 130–134, 248, 290–295, 297–298, 300–302, 336
pituitary 9:126
prepalatinum 11:208–209, 211–212
prooticum 9:3, 7, 12–13
pseudorotunda 20:438, 441–442, 497, 562
sacrale 1:233, 264
sphenoidale 9:12
spike 19:440
trochlear 9:44, 51, 99, 108, 129
trigeminal 9:14, 44, 48, 58, 70, 98–99, 104, 118–119, 121, 129, 132–134
vagi 4:205, 211, 214, 217, 219, 221, 224, 226, 254–256
vagus 9:15, 44, 77, 80, 99, 115, 117, 119, 128
Foramina
in tooth-bearing bone 1:188
subcentralis 1:235–236, 245–246, 276–277, 286
Force 11:303, 306
-feeding 5:23
-velocity curve 11:293, 299, 301, 303, 308
Forced copulation 18:26
Fordonia 19:228; 21:571, 588; 20:561, 570, 572, 574, 580
leucobalia 19:142, 206; 20:553–554, 571, 575, 580, 630
Fore-mandible 21:608
Fore-maxilla 21:556–557
Fore-tongue 21:546
Forebrain (see also Prosencephalon) 2:4, 6; 4:228, 232, 251; 9:10, 44, 53, 55, 83, 115, 121–122, 127–128, 135, 138; 10:6, 253, 291, 314, 327, 332; 11:20, 42, 86, 107, 206, 223; 12:219; 14:398, 400, 432–433, 506, 508, 513–514
chamber 21:537
Foregut (see also Esophagus; Stomach) 3:320; 14:174, 386, 400, 438, 713; 19:487–488, 564, 572
Foreign buffers 5:58
Forelimb development 14:95, 159, 176, 400–404, 448
Forked rib (see Bifurcated ribs)
Formaldehyde 8:355
-glutaraldehyde 6:48
Formalin 3:238, 292–294, 297, 303; 6:226
Fornix 10:308
Fossa
columellae 20:25, 51, 55, 76, 88, 112, 115, 124, 134, 146, 180, 192, 266, 278, 280, 282
parietalis 20:17
sigmoidea major 21:116
sigmoidea minor 21:116
temporalis inferior 4:107–108, 113, 115, 119, 124–126, 131, 143, 295
temporalis superior 4:105–106, 108, 124–126, 138, 233, 296, 299, 301, 313–314, 322, 324, 341, 357, 361, 365, 378, 391, 469
Fossil(s) 5:191; 19:67; 20:80, 99, 101–102, 104, 117, 137, 158, 161, 167, 195–196, 198, 208–209, 216, 218, 226, 234–235, 269, 274, 279, 358, 508, 582, 584, 587, 594
record 1:1
reptiles (see also Cretaceous reptiles; Jurassic
reptiles; Permian reptiles; Triassic
reptiles) 15:340
Fossorial 18:139; 20:352–353, 365–367, 387, 390, 396, 401, 444, 456, 460, 490–492, 496, 563, 567, 583, 585, 591
adaptations (see also Burrowing, modification
for habits; Burrowing habits) 11:67, 83, 85, 104–105, 107–108, 131, 134–135, 149, 155, 180, 182, 188, 193, 195, 197–198, 202
habits (see Burrowing habits)
species 15:381, 611, 617, 623, 631, 636, 638, 643–644, 648, 665–666, 669, 672, 674, 676, 679
Fouette-queque (see Uromastyx)
Founder effect 7:445
Fourier analysis 5:94
Fourth
centrale 21:163
digit 21:47, 180
distal carpal 21:117–118, 127–128, 316–318
distal tarsal 21:163, 165–166, 168, 175–178, 182–183, 185, 191, 372, 383–384, 392
metacarpal 21:128, 132, 284–285
metatarsal 21:173, 175–176, 180–182, 387–388, 393–394
tarsale 21:168–169, 171, 173, 175–176, 183
ventricle 2:208; 10:212, 254, 257–258, 270; 11:214
Fovea 2:4, 13, 15–16, 20–21, 23, 36, 40–41, 45, 65–66, 72, 84, 87; 17:28, 99, 343
apicis dentis 21:544
centralis 2:16, 36, 40
dentis 20:408, 416, 427
externa 2:16
temporalis 2:16, 36, 40, 45
Fractionation
acetone 8:176
alcohol 8:176
ammonium-sulfate 8:177
Fracture callus 1:77
Fracture planes
and autotomy 15:303–341, 374
and blood vessels 15:322
and centrum 15:312
and dermis 15:321
and spinal cord 15:321, 332
and transverse processes 15:305–306, 308, 325, 329, 332–334, 338–340
and vertebral column 15:321
development 15:308–315
evolution 15:331, 340–341
in urodeles 15:359
loss with age 15:330, 343
phylogeny 15:333–334
France 2:322
Free
nerve endings 2:278; 17:368
nerve terminal 9:418, 436
operant responding 7:615
radicals 19:508, 524
-running 18:230, 238, 243, 246–247, 249
-running period 18:231, 274
-running rhythm 18:244, 264
Freeze-dried 8:563
-drying 5:103
Frequencies 5:52, 85
Frequency response 5:84
Fresh water 3:3, 13–15, 17
Freshwater species 5:366, 380, 388, 391, 395, 397, 416, 422, 440, 455–456
Freund’s adjuvant 8:566
Fright dives 5:322
Frog(s) (see also Anura) 5:1, 10, 54, 307, 383; 7:595; 8:94, 456–458, 460, 465, 467–468, 470, 480, 509, 513, 590, 594–596, 618; 10:11, 27, 29, 32, 78–79, 84–85, 94–95, 101, 170, 278, 280, 282, 291, 299, 303, 307, 315, 324; 12:9, 39, 69, 227, 229, 235, 238, 318, 350, 398, 423; 16:9, 112, 173, 242, 293, 305
eating 20:495
glomerulus 5:1
Frontal(s) 4:116, 139, 204–205, 209–211, 213–214, 216–222, 228, 231–232, 247, 250–251, 253–257, 272, 275, 374, 394, 459, 471; 11:17, 20, 22, 24, 39, 60, 62–63, 68, 70–73, 80–81, 83–85, 91, 93, 100, 104–107, 110–112, 119, 122, 124–125, 128–129, 132–134, 143, 152–155, 164–166, 170, 175, 179, 181, 184–185, 199, 201, 209, 212, 219, 224, 231, 235, 237, 240, 244; 20:14–19, 26, 44, 46, 48, 54, 56, 62, 67, 74, 76, 81–82, 84, 86, 91, 95–96, 98, 100, 103, 106–108, 116, 118, 121, 128, 130–132, 136, 140, 149, 154–155, 157, 160, 165, 168, 170, 173, 176, 181, 185, 188–189, 194–195, 200, 203, 208, 210–212, 217–221, 225, 228–229, 234, 236, 240, 242–244, 247–248, 252, 254, 258, 275, 278, 280, 282–284, 287, 355, 357, 361–363, 365, 368–375, 379–383, 387–389, 391–392, 394–395, 397, 399, 402–405, 407, 409–412, 414–417, 420–422, 425–428, 431, 434, 436, 438–441, 445, 447, 450, 453, 455–456, 458, 462–463, 465, 467, 471–473, 475–479, 484– 485, 489–492, 497–511, 513, 523, 526–527, 532–533, 535–543, 554–555, 557, 559–560, 562, 564, 566–569, 571, 588; 21:513, 528, 539–540, 551, 558, 579, 581–583, 586, 588, 591; 21:533, 537, 573, 577
accumulation 10:63, 65, 100
artery 2:7, 10, 12
bone(s) 2:6, 9, 13, 48–49, 66–67, 73, 81; 8:105; 21:561
descending processes 21:534
flange(s) 20:362, 370, 394, 398, 402, 415, 424, 426, 432, 456, 462, 476, 540, 561
lappets 20:188
facets 20:537, 556
nerve 2:7, 11–12
ossification 14:312
-parietal joint 20:370–371, 382, 398, 406, 415, 426, 432, 477–479, 484, 526, 563
-parietal joint or suture 20:477
ramus of opthalmic nerve 2:74
tabs 20:176
vein 2:13, 67
Fronto-nasal process 21:571
Fronto-parietal suture 9:44, 72, 90
Frontonasal
groove 14:135
process 11:175; 14:420, 686, 713
Fructose 5:206; 8:641–642
diphosphatase 5:200
FSH (see Follicle stimulating hormone)
cell (see Beta cell)
Fuchsinophily 3:207; 6:70, 72
Füllgewebe 2:168, 170–171
Function 5:2
Functional residual capacity 19:50–51
Functional study 10:126
Fundic
cells (see Serous cells)
glands 6:244–246, 261–262
mucosa 5:38
Fundulus 14:7
Fundus 19:506
of stomach (see also Papillar bar; Corpus of
stomach) 6:180, 202, 214, 255, 262–264
of urinary bladder 6:336
Fungal infection(s) (see also Pathology) 14:553; 16:292, 299, 301; 19:521
Fungi 8:620
thermophilic 14:373
Fungiform eminence (see Mushroom body)
Funiculus
dorsal 10:63–66, 68, 82, 95, 97, 120–123, 139, 147, 172, 179, 189, 202, 204
lateral 10:64–66, 68, 78, 80, 82, 85, 88, 92, 95, 97–98, 118, 121–123, 139, 147, 166, 168, 170, 174, 179, 184, 187, 189, 192
ventral 10:64–66, 85–86, 89–90, 95, 98, 120–121, 125, 184
Funnel cords 6:50
Furcifer 20:105, 295
Furina 8:20; 15:654; 19:222; 20:550
barnardi 19:152 (as Glyphodon), 197; 20:627
christieanus 8:20; 20:627
diadema 8:20; 19:197; 20:627
dummalli 19:197
ornata 19:197
Fusimotor system 11:317, 325, 330, 334
Fusion 20:355–356, 361–362, 374, 376, 378–383, 388–390, 392–393, 398, 403–408, 410, 412, 415, 423, 426, 443, 451, 459, 474, 476–479, 483–484, 487, 491, 520–521, 524, 527, 531– 532, 540, 554, 559, 563, 565, 567, 618
Future research 16:65–69, 267, 305, 368–369, 389–390, 497–500, 586
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