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G(γ)-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (see Gamma
aminobutyric acid)
GABA (see Gamma aminobutyric acid)
GABAergic 18:453
Gaits 4:2, 6–7; 21:43, 51–52
Galactosamine 18:123
Galactose 8:641
Galapagos 2:322
lava lizard (see Tropidurus)
tortoise 5:44
Galechirus, eye 2:80
Galictis 16:10
Gall bladder 3:88, 321–325; 6:48, 356, 413, 421, 424, 426–427; 10:26; 14:143; 17:661; 19:39–40, 96, 139, 150, 169, 488, 505–506, 522, 545
Gallamine 5:53, 126
Gallocyanin 6:229, 248, 291, 294
Gallotia 15:306–307; 21:76, 96; 20:42, 44, 46, 166–167, 170–171, 255–256, 300
atlantica 20:307; 21:398
caesaris 21:398
galloti 18:446; 20:39, 42–44, 300, 307; 21:49, 398
galloti galloti 18:254
simonyi 20:300; 21:398
stehlini(i) 18:444; 19:27, 79; 20:167, 300; 21:398
Gallstones 19:522
Gallus 9:156; 10:215; 17:509, 558; 19:568
blood chemistry 3:34, 40
chondocranium 11:26, 39, 43, 199
epiphyses and sesamoids 1:84, 89–90
limbs 4:74
muscle tissue 11:273–275, 285–287, 289–292, 300–301, 306–307, 314
pancreas 3:335, 338
thymus 3:118, 121
thyroid 3:225
urinogenital system 6:4, 11–13, 22, 52, 120
Galvanometer recorders 5:84, 89
Gambelia 12:65, 69, 101; 13:237, 296, 308, 311; 16:9, 18, 21, 29, 33, 52–53, 55, 116, 126, 139, 242, 257, 514; 18:382; 20:45, 79; 21:68
silus 18:362; 20:304
wislizeni 18:361–362, 365, 377–378; 20:81, 292, 304
Gambusia affinis 18:485–486
Gametes (see Germ cells)
Gametogensis (see also Spermatogenesis) 18:75
Gamma (γ)
aminobutyric acid 12:256; 13:95; 17:65, 72, 156, 159, 288, 589, 637, 646–647; 18:454
axons (see Fusimotor system)
cell 6:115
cells of pituitary (see Gonadotrophic LH cells)
-globulin 3:27, 31, 35, 52, 126
-phenylaranoic acid 18:198
system 11:325
Ganglia 20:567
adrenal 3:284, 286
lateral sympathetic 3:274
paravertebral 3:266, 274
Ganglion
autonomic 10:11
cell 2:4, 33–34, 39–40, 54–56, 62–63, 72, 77, 162, 164; 9:183, 323, 361, 379
cell layer 2:16, 40–42, 54, 56, 72, 76
cells 3:274; 6:269, 280
ciliary 10:6, 44, 238
dorsal root 10:24
Gasseri (see Ganglion trigemini)
geniculate 10:215
impar 10:9
infraorbital 10:7, 9–10
mandibular 10:7, 9–10
maxillomandibular 17:374–375
nodose 10:8
opthalmic 17:374–375
palatine 10:7, 9–10
paravertebral 10:2–3
prevertebral 10:2–3
sphenoethmoidal 10:7, 9–10
statoacoustic 10:215
sympathetic 10:8, 11, 31, 36; 17:608, 652
trigemini 4:119–122, 130, 340–341, 367, 375, 425
vestibular 17:524
Ganglionic
block 8:474
transmission 8:474–475
Gap junction(s) 14:555; 17:38, 87–88, 145; 19:493–494
junctions, in apical ridge 15:64–66, 70, 93, 107, 132
Gape size 20:395–396, 412, 586, 588
Gaping (see Temperature regulation, evaporative
cooling)
Garthia 20:118, 295
Gärtner’s duct 6:49
Gas
bladder 19:298
chromatography (GC) 5:70, 79; 18:122–123, 154, 168–169, 194
diffusion 19:156–157
exchange (see also Respiratory gases and
embryos) 5:73–74, 172, 225–226, 247, 249–250, 265, 266, 276, 303; 13:8–9; 19:13–15, 17, 30, 33, 42, 49–65, 68–69, 75–76, 136, 144, 151, 154, 297–341, 354, 468, 473–474
cloacal 13:38–39
convection-oriented 19:59, 63
cross current 19:72
cutaneous 19:298–300
epithelium 19:14, 42, 44
pharyngeal 13:38–39
pulmonary 13:8–9; 19:298–300
ratio 19:466
strategies 19:58–59
surface 19:2, 59, 61, 68, 70, 76
tissue 19:4, 10, 72
/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) 18:154–155, 171, 199, 203
-mixing 19:333
storage 19:61, 64
tensions 5:241
transfer 19:56
transport 5:195, 265–266, 275; 19:346
volume 5:327
Gasping 8:439, 449
Gastralia 1:237, 254, 311, 327; 11:378–379; 14:158, 435, 495, 514; 19:46
Gastric
acidity 5:28, 81
anlage 19:560
artery 6:411, 413
brooding 16:293
collectors 6:346, 349, 354, 412–415, 427, 431, 446
contractions 8:627, 647–649, 654
digestion rate 8:592–597
effect of food on 8:649–653
glands 8:599
-inhibitory polypeptide 17:670, 682
intubation 5:47
juice 3:17; 8:597–606, 618, 627, 666, 668
enzymes 8:603–605
pH 8:601
regulation of rate 8:605–606
secretion rate 8:597–600
lymphatics 6:322, 411–415
mucosa 10:25
phase 10:25
secretion 10:26
pits 6:244, 246–249, 265, 267–268, 270–271
reflux 8:591
secretion 6:263–265
temperature effects on 8:649
tonus 8:654
vein 6:413
Gastrin 3:332; 8:605–606; 10:25; 17:662, 580, 689
cells 6:256; 8:605
Gastrocnemius 1:109; 21:335, 373
Gastroduodenal trunk 6:349
Gastroendoscopy 8:592
Gastroesophageal junction 6:165, 180, 197
Gastroesophageal sphincter 6:165
Gastrohepatic artery 6:413
Gastrohepatoduodenal trunk 6:321, 330–331, 353, 356–357, 361, 402, 411, 415, 428, 434
motility (see also Gastric contractions) 8:590, 597, 654, 666, 668
tract 5:47, 62; 8:451; 10:21
Gastrointestinal hormone 8:668
Gastrointestinal tract 14:211
hormone 17:660
Gastrointestinal infection 14:211
Gastroliths 8:592, 606–610, 667
hydrostatic function 8:608–609
reducing function 8:606–608
Gastropholis 20:168, 170
Gastropholis echinata 20:307
Gastropulmonary collector 6:319
Gastropyxis 19:104, 231
smaragdina 20:639
Gastrosteges 14:535
Gastrula 14:26–28, 30, 46, 78, 95–96, 110, 112–114, 116, 172, 183, 185, 192, 199, 202, 278, 348
Gastrulation 14:10, 13–14, 17–18, 46, 50, 95–96, 101, 112–117, 199, 219, 278–279, 283, 386, 499, 501–503, 516; 15:6–12, 20, 23, 50
Gaumenblatt (see Choanal fold)
Gaumenfalte (see Choanal fold)
Gaumenfortsatz (see Choanal fold)
Gaumenmembran (see Palatal membrane)
Gaumenmittelfeld (see Vomerine cushion)
Gaumenrohr (see Nasopharyngeal duct)
Gaupp’s bone 21:480, 522
Gause principle 7:67
Gavialidae 16:296
pituitary 3:195
skull 4:202, 222, 249, 264, 272, 274
Gavialinae
axial skeleton 1:226–227
dentition 1:185
Gavialis 7:239; 8:661, 676; 9:85, 304; 13:307; 14:332, 334, 355, 419–420, 442, 462; 16:281, 300, 533
axial skeleton 1:230, 232–233
chondrocranium 11:228, 244
gangeticus 19:34, 36, 82
head muscles and visceral skeleton 4:184, 188
nose 2:144
skull 4:201, 203, 216–217, 222–223, 226–227, 229–232, 234, 236–143, 245, 252, 259, 267–268, 274, 280
Geagras 19:232; 20:560
redimitus 19:153, 206; 20:639
Gecarcinus 5:342
Gecko(s) 10:6; 20:15, 20, 38, 48, 121–122, 128, 251, 255, 258; 21:64, 67, 87, 89, 132, 141– 142, 144, 153, 165, 172, 176, 181, 187, 208, 222–223, 240, 250, 265–266, 271, 278–279, 288–289, 306–308, 313, 330, 375
tails 20:571
“Gecko aegypticus” 19:24
Geckolepis 15:328; 16:138
anomala 20:306
eye 2:13, 26, 30
Geckonia 15:328; 16:260
eye 2:26
Geese 5:439
Gehyra 5:379; 7:51, 55, 57, 197–198, 292–294, 311, 316, 466; 8:680; 9:251; 12:120–122, 124, 460, 474; 13:308; 14:631–632; 15:41, 322, 328, 350, 428, 434–435; 16:51, 115, 138, 238, 261–262, 464–465, 474, 513, 558; 20:117, 126, 295; 21:181, 189, 397
adrenal 3:279
blood cell morphology 3:76
dentition 1:161
ear 2:266, 271
eye 2:26, 28–30, 46
jaw muscles 4:478
nose 2:119
oceanica 21:129, 132, 188
variegata 18:254; 19:408, 417; 20:306
Gekko 5:201–203, 205; 7:466; 8:680–681; 9:15, 28, 157, 331, 380, 423, 427–430; 10:203, 228, 293; 12:228, 410, 412; 13:542–543, 545–546, 548–549, 552–553, 556–557, 563–564, 568, 572–573, 575–584, 604–605, 608–610, 617, 626, 629, 664; 15:323, 326; 16:115, 138, 551; 17:6, 8, 10, 12, 21, 26, 97, 184, 188, 193, 208, 276, 279, 596, 599–600, 606; 18:444; 19:24, 43, 56; 20:52, 58, 63, 117, 122, 124, 126; 21:131–133, 141, 155, 172, 187, 220, 222–223, 228–230, 235, 250, 252, 259, 268, 275–276, 278, 281, 285, 287–289, 291, 294–298, 300, 307–308, 312–313, 316–317, 337, 339, 345, 237, 350, 352, 356–357, 361, 368–370, 375, 378–379, 382–385, 388–389, 391–394, 397
axial muscles 11:357
axial skeleton 1:244, 262, 270
blood chemistry 3:4, 9, 28
chondrocranium 11:73, 80
ear 2:215, 222, 266, 271
eye 2:26, 30–31, 46–47, 89
gecko 18:47, 167, 427, 441, 443–445, 447, 453–454; 19:43, 48–55, 57–58, 64, 79, 306, 355; 20:59, 295, 306; 21:7, 50, 187, 208, 265–266
histology of gut 6:271
internal relief of gut 6:177, 182
japonicus 19:501, 525
jaw muscles 4:313, 315, 318, 349–350, 352, 402, 407, 417, 419, 466, 478
lymphatics 6:338, 340, 367, 371, 382, 390–391, 404, 407, 415, 419, 423–424, 428
muscle tissue 11:283, 336
nose 2:119, 137, 157
parathyroid 3:255–256
pituitary 3:142
smithi 20:306
thymus 3:113
thyroid 3:209, 213, 221, 227
urinogenital system 6:26–27, 116
verticillatus 19:408, 417
vittatus 18:167
Gekkonidae 5:145, 192, 389, 423, 454, 467–468, 475; 7:9, 51, 72, 291–295, 318, 320, 365–366, 370–372, 377, 420, 465–469; 8:46, 55, 680–681; 9:7, 27, 31, 161, 163, 251, 331, 336, 338–340; 10:293–294; 12:99, 120–125, 144, 146, 287, 306, 379, 406, 431, 472; 13:212; 14:28, 48, 532, 543, 555, 565, 571–573, 632, 695, 712; 15:4, 7, 41, 84, 311–313, 315, 319, 321, 326–329, 333, 340–342, 344–350, 352, 358, 366–369, 374, 376, 380, 384, 415–416, 418, 532, 645, 663–664, 667–669, 674; 16:10, 31–34, 69, 115–116, 123, 128, 138–139, 259–260, 282, 294, 450, 454–455, 465, 473, 486, 492, 513, 543, 566; 19:11, 27, 36–37, 41, 66, 70, 308, 379, 387, 408–409, 506; 20:116–117, 120, 123, 125, 127, 157, 253–254, 266, 271–273, 306; 21:9, 12–13, 79, 89, 107, 110, 134, 259, 396, 398–401
adrenal 3:279, 283
axial muscles 11:357, 384
axial skeleton 1:205–206, 226, 241–243, 245–246, 253, 255, 259–261
blood cell morphology 3:76, 78
blood chemistry 3:28, 31, 37, 50
chondrocranium 11:8, 26, 35, 38, 73–83, 85–87, 91–92, 118, 132, 197–198, 239
dentition 1:148–149, 161–162
ear 2:222, 239–244, 266, 271
epiphyses and sesamoids 1:101
eye 2:3, 13–14, 20–22, 25, 29–30, 32, 35, 42, 45, 64, 83–86, 88–89
histology of gut 6:227–229, 232, 296, 298
internal relief of gut 6:177
jaw muscles 4:289, 315–317, 349–351, 355, 370, 374, 392, 413, 416, 418–420, 478
lymphatics 6:316, 338, 367
nose 2:119–120, 127, 131–132, 139–140, 143, 178
parathyroid 3:255
pituitary 3:136, 141, 145–146, 149, 151–152, 154, 163, 166–168, 192–194
taxonomic literature 2:320, 322, 324
thymus 3:113
thyroid 3:205
urinogenital system 6:32, 63, 71, 95
Gekkoninae (see Gekkonidae)
axial skeleton 1:244
eye 2:22–23, 26, 29–30, 46, 85, 88–89
Gekkonine(s) 19:26; 20:118–120, 126–127, 253
Gekkonini 19:25
Gekkonoidea 19:21
Gekkota 8:66, 151; 9:336, 338, 409; 19:21, 24–27; 20:23, 31, 40, 45, 52, 56–57, 59, 75, 90, 116–117, 126, 134, 144, 147–148, 156, 158–159, 162–164, 190, 228, 241, 247, 253–261, 264, 266–267, 269–270, 272–274, 283–285; 21:9, 12–13, 16–18, 66, 80, 88, 95, 112–113, 132, 141
adrenal 3:283–284
axial muscles 11:385
axial skeleton 1:241–242, 246, 257, 259, 261
blood cell morphology 3:89–81, 83
chondrocranium 11:73–85, 102
eye 2:85
internal relief of gut 6:177
jaw muscles 4:310, 318
pituitary 3:136, 147, 167, 194
thyroid 3:205
Gekkotan lizards (see also Gekkonidae; Pygopodidae) 21:582
Gel electrophoresis 18:123, 169–170
Gene
activity, limb development 15:92, 94–95, 126, 131
expression 14:199
flow 15:483
General anesthesia 5:43, 47, 51, 53, 94
Generalized colubrids 20:491
Generator potential 2:283, 287–288; 17:368; 18:451
Genes 3:48
and rate of development 14:203
Genetic
drift 7:445
effects 5:255
exchange 13:131–132
recombination 15:432
variation 15:415
Genetics
antipredator mechanisms 16:16–19, 66, 68
gene flow 16:416, 419
life history (see Life history traits)
mimicry 16:157
quantitative 16:389–390
Geniculate (facial) ganglion 21:495
ganglion 2:197; 9:12
Genioglossi 21:597
Geniomyoideus 21:595–597
Geniotrachealis 21:595, 597
Genital
artery 3:273
bed 6:82
crest (see also Germinal ridge) 3:266
development, physiological aspects 15:241– 246
duct (see Gonoduct)
ducts (see also Müllerian duct; Wolffian duct) 18:116
epithelium 14:150
gland 15:155, 240, 258
in vitro culture 14:462
papilla 14:145, 174
ridge (see also Germinal ridge) 14:50, 150, 175
ridge (crest) 15:152, 154–155
tubercle (phallic anlage) 15:197, 242, 245, 247
Genitalia 6:332, 352
development of 15:15, 151, 220–241, 248, 263
external 14:394, 400, 404, 406–407, 411, 442–443
Genotypic sex determination 18:76, 84
Gentian violet 6:69
Geocalamus 21:624, 636, 661, 668, 670
acutus 21:626–627, 669, 731
axial skeleton 1:272
chondrocranium 11:126
Geochelone 5:135, 153–154, 173; 7:340, 343–344, 349–350, 408, 410–411, 416, 419, 448, 461–462, 464–465, 633, 642–643, 651; 8:49, 55, 607, 655, 660, 673; 9:306; 10:203, 260; 12:34, 55, 137, 190–191, 193, 294, 350, 362, 379, 429, 459, 473; 13:17–18, 34, 37, 260, 292, 300, 307, 309–310; 14:27, 79, 81, 84, 154, 157–158, 177–178, 185, 191–192, 201, 212, 215, 218, 222, 227, 231, 233; 16:6, 113, 135, 341, 347, 354, 390, 392, 396–401, 403, 405, 419–420, 438, 526; 18:9
adrenal 3:269, 275
axial muscles 11:356
blood cell numbers 3:103
carbonaria 18:195–196, 331; 19:501, 525
denticulata 18:192, 195–196; 19:404, 417
elephantopus 18:327
eye 2:68–69
gigantea 18:327
head muscles and visceral skeleton 4:104, 113, 118, 154, 156–157, 165, 173–174, 180–181
internal relief of gut 6:160, 162–163, 167, 169, 175
limbs 4:2–5, 40–42, 47, 50, 73, 77, 84, 100
lymphatics 6:447
nose 2:104, 178
parathyroid 3:237
pardalis 19:442, 474
radiata 18:467
sulcata 18:250
thymus 3:114
Geoclemmys reevesii 19:354
Geoclemys 16:17; 17:100, 606
Geococcyx 16:10, 212
Geodipsas 7:501; 21:605
depressiceps 19:206; 20:632
procterae 19:206
vauerocegae 19:206
Geoemyda 7:462, 465
head muscles and visceral skeleton 4:104, 153, 156, 173, 180–181
limbs 4:2, 100
nose 2:114
pancreas 3:329–330
Geographic(al)
distribution 5:365
oviparous species 15:627, 630, 632, 634, 637, 640, 642, 649–650, 656, 659
parthenogenetic species 15:421–427, 429, 441–451
viviparous species 15:616, 620, 627, 630, 632, 637, 640, 642, 649–650, 656, 659, 661, 678
limits 12:293
range 5:395, 398
sources 5:3
variation (see also Interpopulational variation) 19:151
Geometric similarity 21:52
Geomyersia 21:397; 20:146
glabra 20:298
Geophagy 8:606
Geophiini 19:133, 228
Geophis 20:558, 563, 570, 576
bicolor 20:650
blanchardi 19:206; 20:559, 650
brachycephalus 19:206; 20:650
carinosus 19:206
chalybeus 20:651
dubius 20:651
ear 2:269, 271; 19:206, 229
godmani 20:651
hoffmanni 19:206; 20:558–560, 570, 577, 651
incomptus 20:651
jaw muscles 4:442, 481
latifrontalis 19:206
mutitorques 19:206; 20:651
nasalis 19:206; 20:559
rhodogaster 19:206
semidoliatus 19:206; 20:559, 651
Geosaurus, eye 2:75
Geoscincus 21:397
Geotrypetes 13:180
Gephyrostegidae 19:74
origin and evolution 1:11, 36–37
Gephyrosaurus 15:325, 338, 340; 20:64–65, 67, 69, 250, 252–254, 256–259, 263–264, 268, 272–275, 277, 279, 285, 287
bridensis 20:291
Gephyrostegus
dentition 1:150
eye 2:80
origin and evolution 1:25, 27, 32–35
Geranospiza 16:13
Gerarda 19:228
prevostiana 19:132–133, 164, 206; 20:554, 631
GERL (see also Golgi apparatus) 19:501
Germ cell(s) (see also Ovum; Sperm; Primordial
germ cells) 6:107–113, 121; 14:60, 151, 175; 15:153, 156, 158–159, 162–166, 168, 170, 254, 257, 259, 261, 265–268, 270
determinate 14:46
line (see also Primordial germ cells) 14:43, 60
Germ layer 6:18; 15:19–24
formation 14:500–502, 516
Germinal
bed 14:52–53, 60
cell (see Primary germ cells)
epithelium 6:50–51, 76, 79–80; 14:47, 50, 151, 441, 565, 580; 15:154–156, 158–159, 161–162, 164–168, 170, 242, 254–255, 258, 260–261, 265–266, 269, 276
layer of epidermis 14:531, 534–535, 538–539, 545–546, 554, 556, 559, 584
ridge (or crest) 6:51, 53, 109; 14:44, 46–49; 15:153
vesicle 14:52
Germinative layer 2:284
Gerrhonotids 19:41
Gerrhonotinae 20:197–204, 208, 308
dentition 1:168
Gerrhonotus (see also Barisia; Elgaria) 5:130, 141–144, 160–162, 204, 209; 7:70, 187, 300, 373, 495; 8:679; 10:203, 230; 15:122, 344, 349, 365–366, 374, 376, 379, 614, 627–628, 669, 674; 16:115, 128, 137, 283, 301, 304, 463–465, 512; 20:58, 200, 206, 208–209; 21:155, 278, 398
adrenal 3:273, 280, 289–291, 296–297, 301
axial skeleton 1:242, 261, 268
blood cell morphology 3:77
blood chemistry 3:5, 10, 43
bone 1:68
dentition 1:168–169
ear 2:247, 267, 271
eye 2:41
histology of gut 6:255
imbricata 20:302
jaw muscles 4:479
liocephalus 18:189; 20:302
multicarinata 20:302
nose 2:120, 125, 127, 130, 133, 178–180
urinogenital system 624, 26–27, 59, 81, 89, 106
Gerrhosauridae 5:172; 9:161, 163, 332; 12:472; 19:28; 21:96; 20:137, 148, 150–157, 307
axial muscles 11:357
axial skeleton 1:242, 247, 251–253, 255–257, 259–260, 262–264, 267, 269–270; 8:46, 634
eye 2:29, 31
jaw muscles 4:316, 418
Gerrhosaurinae
pituitary 3:136, 145–146, 151, 154, 174
taxonomic literature 2:320
Gerrhosaurine cordylids 21:153
Gerrhosaurus 7:495; 8:680; 9:14, 273, 332, 336–337, 373; 10:203, 228; 12:108; 15:325; 16:35, 115, 138; 18:437; 20:150, 153–156, 307; 21:399
albigularis 20:151, 299
axial skeleton 1:264, 267
chondrocranium 11:70
dentition 1:167–168
ear 2:245, 271
eye 2:27
flavigularis 20:299, 307
jaw muscles 4:368–370, 418, 479
major 19:28, 79; 20:157, 299, 307
nigrolineatus 20:299
nose 2:120
Gestation 3:218–219, 311; 6:96, 99–103; 18:126
and ovarian hormones 15:579–586
and oxytocin 15:591
and temperature 15:25
duration of 15:25
effect of luteectomy 15:582–584, 590
effect of ovariectomy 15:582–584, 590
endocrine control 15:530, 579–581, 595
period 5:175; 15:41–46, 50
Gestational epithelium 6:89
Ghana 2:324
Gharial (see Gavialis)
Gigantism 4:280–281; 8:635; 21:53
Gigantophis garstini 20:596
Gila monster (see also Heloderma suspectum) 15:333, 346–347
Gill clefts 11:30
ventilation 8:2
Gilled larval stages 1:20
Gills 5:276, 413; 19:298
Gilmorea attenuatus 21:683
Gingival margin 1:126
Ginglymostoma 16:183
Ginglymes 1:213, 219
Ginglymoidy 1:213, 300
Gizzard 6:269; 14:439
Glacial acetic acid 18:123
Gland(s) 5:10, 98; 8:43; 10:7; 18:116–120, 122–123, 144, 165–167, 169, 173, 186–187, 191–195, 197–203, 205; 19:130, 491
accessory (see Venom gland)
adrenal 18:339, 345, 370; 19:487
anal 18:117, 121
axillary 18:191, 195, 197
Bowman’s 18:428, 431, 433–435
chin 18:117, 194–195, 200–202, 204, 426, 467
cloacal 18:426, 467
development 8:148
dorsal 18:166, 188
endocrine 10:41, 45
exocrine 10:45; 18:117, 180
femoral 18:167–169, 172, 178, 184, 205, 472
secretion 18:167–170
of Gabe (see Mandibular gland of Gabe)
gastric 10:24–25
gular 18:203, 205, 344
pumping 18:204, 467–468
secretion 18:203
Harderian 10:7, 45; 18:223, 433
hemipenile 18:118, 166
inframarginal 18:195
inguinal 18:191, 195
lacrimal 10:7, 10, 45
lingual 10:7
mandibular (see also Mandibular gland of
Gabe) 18:202, 204, 467–468
mental 18:192, 194–195, 205
mixed 8:47
monostomatic 8:44
mucus 19:506
musk 18:197–199, 202, 426
anterior 18:198
nasal 10:7
nuchodorsal 18:122
paracloacal 18:200, 203
secretions 18:163
pineal 18:48, 318
pituitary (hypophysis) 18:48, 98, 316, 318, 345
polystomatic 8:44
posterior (anguli oris) 8:50, 74–76, 85
precloacal 18:166
primordium 8:142–143
salivary 19:156
scent 18:479, 482
secretion 18:163, 203
sebaceous 18:122
secretions 18:116–117, 119, 122–123, 163–164, 194, 198, 203
seromucous 8:87
serous 8:87
sphenopterygoid 8:48
sublingual 19:119
supralabial 19:157
temporal anterior 8:74
temporomandibular 8:71, 73
throat 18:202
thymus 19:540, 568
thyroid 19:515
tubules 5:415
unicellular 8:43
urodaeal 18:165–166, 186–188, 471
breeding season 18:471
tongue flick rates 18:472
venom (see Venom gland)
ventral 18:166
Glandula nasalis interna (see Medial nasal gland)
Glandulae olfactoriae (see Bowman’s glands)
Glandular crypts 2:154, 158–159
field 8:144
Glaphyromorphus
antoniorum 21:399
cracens 12:397
crassicaudus 12:398
darwiniensis 21:397
douglasi 21:397
emigrans 12:398
fuscicaudis 12:397
gracilipes 21:397
mjobergi 21:399
nigricaudis 21:397
pardalis 21:397
pumilus 21:398–399
punctatus 21:399
punctulatus 21:399
timorensis 21:397
Glenohumeral joint 21:72, 98, 100, 103, 105, 243–244, 246–247, 249, 252, 254, 256–257, 259, 261–262, 266, 268–270, 272–278, 280–282
Glenoid 21:19–20, 32, 41, 44, 71, 75, 82, 84, 93, 97, 100, 103–104, 135, 241, 253–254, 266–270
cavity (see also Cotyle) 21:30, 58, 73, 78
cavity of pectoral girdle 4:12–15, 24, 27
cavity of the mandible 4:124
fossa 14:155; 21:73–74
Glia (see also Ependyma; Müller cells) 3:139
Glial cell, regeneration 15:360
Gliding 16:29; 21:59
habits 1:248
Glisson’s capsule 19:487, 504
Globidens, dentition 1:171–172
Globin 3:39–40, 50–51
Globose swellings 2:291
Globulin 6:101; 8:567
Globus pallidus 10:185, 330; 17:627, 635, 646, 660
Glochinodontoides 9:299
Glomerular arterioles 5:459
border 6:11–12
capillaries 5:461; 6:29–31, 43, 46
capillary basement membrane 5:460
capsules 5:450
effects 5:451
filtrate 5:413, 472
filtration 6:117–118
filtration rate 5:98, 385, 450–451, 455–459, 461–465, 470, 474, 476–477, 482–483, 497–498
infiltration 5:69
shutdown 5:398
tubule 6:69
Glomerulus(i) 3:267; 5:1, 447, 450, 459, 474, 491; 6:2–3, 8–9, 11–12, 15, 17, 20, 22–23, 29, 31–32, 35, 45, 117, 120; 14:174, 311, 441; 17:206, 515; 18:441, 447
Glomus 6:2–3, 8, 11–12
bodies 5:306
Glossohyale (see Hypoglossum; Processus
lingualis)
Glossopharyngeal 21:493, 500
foramen(ina) 2:226, 230, 256; 20:135, 270, 442
ganglion 11:28, 145
musculature 4:166–168, 183, 188
nerve 2:196–197, 220, 226, 228–231, 234, 237, 239, 247–248, 251, 255–256, 259, 261; 4:101, 162, 166, 188, 226–227, 285, 394; 11:3, 12, 15, 26–29, 45, 57, 67, 69, 98–99, 105–106, 124, 137–140, 145–146, 159, 163, 168, 173–174, 194, 197, 206–207, 209, 211, 213–214, 217, 222, 224, 226, 233, 238, 364; 18:344
Glottal plug 14:174
tube 19:115–121, 175
Glottis 4:181–182; 5:52, 229, 231, 236, 431–432; 14:139, 141–142; 19:8, 26, 42, 113–118, 128, 134
Gloxylic acid 10:249, 281–282
Gloydius 19:219; 20:510, 517
blomhoffii 19:112, 114, 192; 20:510, 615
brevicaudus 20:615
halys 19:192; 20:615
himalayanus 20:615
intermedius 20:615
saxatilis 20:615
shedaoensis 20:615
strauchi 20:615
ussuriensis 20:615
Glucagon 3:22, 329; 10:42; 13:94; 17:65, 159, 670, 682–683
Gluconeogenesis 5:199, 206; 13:13, 178; 19:512, 524
Glucosamine 18:123
Glucose 3:8–12, 19–23, 25, 45–46, 51, 53; 5:61, 67, 183, 199, 320; 8:640–643, 666; 12:233; 13:16; 19:489, 499, 511–512
fermentation 8:514
in development 14:314
oxidase 3:19
oxidase method 5:67
-6-phosphatase 6:43
-6-phosphate 5:201
-6-phosphate cycle 3:46
-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 3:46; 5:200; 6:37, 74, 231, 238,247, 249–252, 268–269, 282, 284, 289, 291, 293, 295, 302
phosphate isomerase 5:201; 15:509
tolerance 3:20
Glucosides, in yolk 14:65
Glucostat 5:67
Glucuronic acid 19:516
β-Glucuronidase 6:92
Glucuronidation 19:499
Glucuronide 19:515
Glutamate 17:59, 65, 155, 158, 589
dehydrogenase 5:201; 6:231, 249, 269
Glutamic acid 3:23, 25, 40, 42, 45
decarboxylase (GAD) 17:65
Glutamine 3:23–25; 5:486
Glutaraldehyde 3:238–239, 242, 244, 333; 6:48, 226
Glutathione 8:321
in development 14:314
reductase 8:488
Glycemia 3:311
Glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase 5:201
-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 8:513
Glyceride 18:199
Glycerin-1-phosphatoxidase 5:201
Glycerol 8:176; 18:119, 203
extraction 11:289, 313
-saline 8:565
Glycerophosphatase 8:244
α-Glycerophosphate dehydrogenase 5:201; 6:231, 249, 254, 292–293, 295–296
Glycerylphosphorylcholine 6:44
Glycine 3:23–25, 40, 42, 45; 5:486; 17:65, 156, 159
Glycocalyx 6:261; 8:627
Glycoconjugates 19:506
Glycogen 2:35; 3:18, 21, 125, 237, 247, 251, 291– 292, 304–305, 312; 5:183, 193, 199, 418, 433; 6:36, 79–80, 92, 271, 279; 8:641–642; 9:347, 415, 417, 422, 436; 11 :267–268, 280, 282, 293, 315; 12:233; 13:16, 72–75, 79–80, 82, 177–178, 185, 236; 17:22; 19:486, 493, 495–496, 499, 504, 506, 511–512, 524
and follicle cells 14:62–63
apical ridge cell 15:64–65, 91
caudal muscle 15:321
depletion 5:38
in perivitelline space 14:64
limb bud 15:91
mobilization 5:81
oocyte 14:56
phosphorylase 5:201
primordial germ cell(s) 14:46, 62; 15:170
testicular cell 15:157
Glycogenin 17:23
Glycogenolysis 5:320; 19:497, 511
Glycolipid(s) 6:43; 14:552
Glycolysis (see also Anaerobic metabolism) 2:288; 3:16, 18, 20, 46; 5:7, 66, 187, 192–193, 196, 198–199, 206; 8:513, 641; 11:267, 281–282, 284, 292, 321, 335; 13:16; 19:512
Glycolytic
activity 5:193, 208
enzymes 5:206; 13:16, 71–72
pathway(s) 5:206; 19:512
Glycoprotein(s) 2:154, 158–159, 162, 164, 175, 180, 182, 201; 3:202, 209; 5:491; 6:43, 296; 8:44, 180, 190; 14:346, 709–710; 18:192; 19:494
Glycosaminoglycans 14:368, 372, 422–423, 453
Glyphodon (see also Furina) 8:20; 15:654; 20:542, 550
barnardi (see also Furina) 8:20; 19:152
dentition 1:177
dummalli 8:20
jaw muscles 4:483
tristis 8:20; 20:538, 627
Glyphodontini 19:222
Glypholycus bicolor 20:633; 21:525
Glyptochelone, shell 1:324
Glyptops, shell 1:333
Goat 7:600; 8:359, 374, 605
Gobias 13:260
Gobiderma 20:218, 220–222, 224–225
pulchrum 20:302
Goblet cell(s) 3:128; 6:29, 85, 232–233, 235, 240–241–242, 275–277, 281, 293, 285–287, 289–291, 293, 297, 301–302; 8:43, 122; 12:371, 372–373
Goitre 3:213
Goitrogenic drugs 3:213–214, 222
Goitrogens (see Goitrogenic drugs)
Gold 8:174
chloride 11:277
Goldfish 10:119
Golgi 18:443
apparatus (or reticulum) 3:75, 121–122, 210, 289, 292, 301, 318, 327, 340; 5:422, 434; 6:42, 48, 75, 79–80, 111, 241, 244, 259–261, 264, 276, 284, 289, 291–293; 8:44, 133, 144; 19:494, 497, 501
apical ridge cell 15:64–65, 72
follicle cell 14:57, 61–62
limb mesoderm 15:66
oocyte 14:51–52, 56
plasma cell 14:624
primordial germ cell 14:44; 15:170
rete cells 15:156, 158
somitic cell 15:68
testicular cell 15:157
thymocyte 14:619
area (see Golgi zone)
-Mazzoni corpuscle 9:433
membranes 5:433
system 2:35, 38, 57–58, 61, 77
tendon organs 11:316
zone 8:111, 130; 19:496–497
Gomesophis 16:145
brasiliensis 20:653
Gomphodonty (see Thecodonty)
Gomphognathus 9:299
Gonad(s) (see also Ovary; Testis) 3:210, 217–218, 222, 266, 269–271, 273, 278, 284, 312; 6:48–105, 107–108, 110–111, 116–117, 121; 13:211, 221; 19:40, 155
anlage (or primordium) 15:154, 161, 165–166, 171, 254
bisexual state 15:159, 164, 249
development 14:149–151, 175, 274, 395, 440–441; 15:151–170, 172, 247, 286, 279
in vitro culture 15:151
regression 14:340
secretory activity of embryonic 15:241–242, 260
sexual differentiation 15:162, 219, 241, 247, 254
undifferentiated 15:155, 165, 168, 170
Gonadal
activity 5:36
cycles (see Reproduction)
steroid hormone (see also Androgen; Estrogen;
Progesterone) 18:55, 192, 316, 322, 394
Gonadectomy (see Castration; Ovariectomy)
Gonadorme 6:116
Gonadotropes 14:687, 691, 702, 704–705, 710
Gonadotrophic
FSH cells 3:149–152, 155–157, 161–163, 166–167, 169–174, 176–177, 180–183, 185–186, 188–191, 193
LH cells 3:146, 149–150, 152, 155–157, 161– 163, 166–169, 171–178, 180–186, 188–191, 193–194
Gonadotropic hormone (see Gonadotropin)
Gonadotropin(s) (see also Follicle stimulating
hormone; Luteinizing hormone) 6:78, 81, 84, 97, 101, 115–116; 13:92, 218–221; 14:278, 346, 705, 709; 18:45, 395
and ovarian follicles 15:39, 592
and sexual development 15:258–260
-releasing hormone 17:603; 18:45–46, 48, 53, 55–56
concentrating sites in the brain 18:47
source of 15:587–588
Gonatodes 7:140, 142, 189, 291–292, 294–295, 315, 466; 12:56, 122; 13:203, 210, 309, 311; 16:123, 138; 17:99; 21:95, 142, 148
adrenal 3:279
axial skeleton 1:243, 245
ear 2:266, 271
eye 2:21, 31, 42–43, 45, 88
humeralis 21:155, 397
jaw muscles 4:478
vittatus 18:352
Gongylophis 19:104, 235
colubrinus 20:608
conicus (as Eryx conicus) 19:99, 166, 188; 20:608
muelleri 20:609
thebaicus 20:608
Gongylosoma 19:230
baliodeira 19:168, 206
longicauda 19:206
scripta 19:206
Gongylus 17:500
Gonial(e) (see Prearticular)
Goniocephalus
axial skeleton 1:258
dentition 1:160
ear 2:271
Gonionotophis 19:224
brussauxi 19:206
granti 19:206; 21:586
klingi 19:141, 206
Goniopholis 9:82–83
skull 4:280
Gonlopholidae
dentition 1:185
skull 4:278
Gonocephalus 7:488; 8:678; 12:107–108; 16:137, 258; 20:92, 98, 101, 103; 21:76, 396
chamaeleontinus 20:98, 294
grandis 20:305
kuhlii 20:294
Gonocyte(s) (see also Primordial germ cells) 6:81, 111–113; 15:20, 23–24
Gonoduct 3:269, 271, 273, 278, 284, 312
Gonyocephalus 15:330
chamaeleontinus 20:294
godeffroyi 20:294
kuhlii 20:294
subcristatus 20:294
Gonyophis 16:143; 19:231
margaritatus 19:206
Gonyosoma 19:100, 162, 236
frenata (as Elaphe) 19:162, 204
jansenii (as Elaphe) 19:127, 205
oxycephalum 19:127, 129, 133, 147, 161, 206; 20:640
Goose 9:431
Gopher snakes 16:197, 199
Gopherus 5:135, 153, 169, 365, 367–368, 373, 375, 377, 379, 383, 390, 451–452, 455,, 473–474, 477–478, 487, 489–492; 7:340– 342, 348–349, 414–415, 419, 432, 462, 465, 590, 596–597, 600; 8:49, 55, 607, 673; 9:373; 10:203; 12:61–62, 65, 94, 137, 191–193, 288, 329, 338, 346–347, 350, 353–354, 357–358, 361–362, 364, 379, 459, 470, 473, 487–491; 13:62, 80, 102–103, 106, 109–110, 114, 118–121, 125–231, 136–137, 293, 297, 300, 310; 14:154, 207, 212, 222, 529, 628; 15:264; 16:113, 134, 341, 367, 392, 400, 403–405, 437, 552; 18:192–194, 251
agassizii 18:192–194; 19:498, 525
berlandieri 18:193–194, 249–251, 467; 19:498, 525
blood cell numbers 3:95
blood chemistry 3:8, 28, 42–43
bone 1:52, 56
ear 2:265, 270
epiphyses and sesamoids 1:108
flavomarginatus 18:194
head muscles and visceral skeleton 4:105
histology of gut 6:278
limbs 4:4, 6, 8–9, 15, 56–58, 77, 84, 88
polyphemus 18:194, 250–251, 268, 451–452, 454
thymus 3:124
Gorgonops 9:299
Gorgonopsia 9:68, 132, 299, 305
Gorgosaurus, dentition 1:186–187
Gout (see also Pathology) 3:25–26; 19:524
Graciliscincus 21:397
Graded junctional potential (see Junctional
potential)
Gradient calorimeters 5:82
Graft(s)
heterotypic 14:417
intracoelomic 15:61
of embryonic tissue 14:15, 417, 640–641
rejection 14:637, 639–642
somite 15:133
vs host reaction 14:637–638, 642
Graine de segregation (see Urinary granule)
Granular cell (see Myoid cell)
cell of fundic gland (see Serous cells)
cells 12:371–374
layer, external 18:441
layer, internal 18:444–445
myeloid leucocytes (see Granulocytes)
Granulated wandering cell 6:279
Granule cell 9:192–193
Granules
cytoplasmic 3:75, 83–86, 120, 122–123, 125–127, 137, 240, 244, 285, 291, 295, 298, 332, 334, 337
neurosecretory 3:138, 141–142
pigment 3:210, 251
protozymogen 3:327
secretory 3:144–145, 148–150, 152–156, 158, 161–163, 166, 168–169, 171–176, 179–188, 191, 207, 209–210, 301, 303–305, 311, 328–331, 333–338, 340
zymogen 3:326–328, 338
Granulocytes 3:74, 103, 119–120, 123, 127, 209; 6:458; 14:603–604, 606, 612–613, 623–624, 636–637
Granulocytopoiesis 14:162, 614, 635, 637
Granulocytosis 3:104, 107
Granulomas (see also Infection) 19:521–522
Granulopenia 3:107
Granulopoiesis 19:488, 564
Granulosa
cells 14:53, 56–62, 64, 66, 68–69; 15:579
-lutein cell 6:99
of ovarian follicle 6:81–83, 97–99, 101–103
Grape ending(s) (see also En grappe) 17:467–472
Graptemys 5:34, 347; 7:349, 462, 464, 569–570, 596–597, 600–601; 8:653, 658, 672; 12:138, 327, 335, 351–352; 13:74–75, 86, 89–90, 93, 307, 310; 14:78, 105, 118, 150, 166, 168, 209, 217–218, 220, 222, 228, 231; 15:264, 270–274, 283, 286; 16:112, 337, 344, 356, 362, 391, 398, 402, 404, 437, 552; 18:197
blood chemistry 3:4
ear 2:265, 270
epiphyses and sesamoids 1:84
geographica 19:350–351, 355
head muscles and visceral skeleton 4:104– 105, 107, 112, 126, 163
internal relief of gut 6:160, 165, 167–168, 175–176
limbs 4:4
parathyroid 3:237, 239, 243
pseudogeographica 18:442
shell 1:316–317, 321, 325
urinogenital system 6:98
Grass dwelling 20:583
Gravid snakes 5:175
Gravidity (see also Life history methods; Life
history traits) 18:141, 357–359, 361–364, 370–371, 375, 378, 398
Gravitational effects 19:376–377
Gravity feed arrangements 5:54
Grayia 15:649–651, 671; 16:233; 19:225; 21:497, 509, 599, 607
axial muscles 11:357, 398, 402, 408, 412, 414
caesar 19:206; 21:607
ornata 19:153, 206; 21:607
smythi(i) 19:164, 206; 20:633; 21:607
tholloni 19:142, 206; 21:607
Great cisterna (see Cisterna chyli)
vessels 5:276, 286
Greater curvature of the stomach 6:412–414
ischial foramen 6:336
Greece 2:322
Green rod 2:84
Grenzlinie (see Boundary line)
Grenzwall (see Postvestibular ridge)
Grinding teeth 1:121, 150, 187
Grison 16:53
Grooved teeth 1:124, 170–171, 173, 175–176, 181–183; 20:534, 572
Gross assimilation efficiency 5:170
Ground reaction forces 21:61
skink (see Lygosoma)
squirrel 10:315
substance 1:92
Growth (see also Age; Life history traits; Parental
care; Water effects on embryos) 5:35; 12:6, 8, 27, 29–30, 254, 286, 302, 304, 355; 13:234–235, 274–290; 14:3, 13, 496; 19:114, 354, 508, 511
after luteectomy 15:586
analysis 13:282–290
and caudal regeneration 15:365
columns 1:85, 97
curves 348–349, 398
determinate 13:276, 278
directions (bone) 1:48
discontinuous 13:274–275
energy requirements 15:365
factors 19:508
hormone 3:222; 6:44, 84; 8:607; 12:258; 13:92, 305; 15:587
hormone-releasing factor (GHRF) 17:612
inderterminate 13:276, 279–280
laminae 1:56
lines (see Growth rings)
measurement 13:282–283; 14:279–280
models 13:274–277, 283–290
of caudal regenerates 15:350–386
of dermal armor 1:321
of shields 1:319
plate 1:97, 101, 103–104
postnatal 13:275–276
prenatal 13:275–276
rate 13:233, 247, 277–305; 14:333, 336, 397, 408, 495
and life history 13:289, 301–303
extrinsic factors 13:295–299
instantaneous growth rates 13:275, 282–283
intrinsic factors 13:299–303
relative growth rates 13:275, 282–283
variability 13:283, 290–305
rings 1:319
zone 1:81, 84, 87, 89
GTH (see Gonadotropins)
GTP 13:33
Guanethidine 10:24, 40
Guanidination 8:225
Guanine (guanin) 2:76; 8:193; 18:305–306
Guanophore 18:319
Guanosine 8:193; 19:163, 207
Guatemala 2:321
Gubernaculum cordis 19:379, 381–382, 390, 397, 400, 405–408, 410, 412–413, 416
Gueriniella, meiotic restitution 15:479
Guinea pig 8:94, 376–378, 439, 464, 473–475, 479, 486–487, 498, 509, 521–523, 525
Gular
fold (see Dewlap)
gland (see Gland, gular)
movements 5:228–229, 236
ocellus 1:318
pouch 5:229, 236
pump 5:229
pumping (see also Temperature regulation,
evaporative cooling) 19:61, 66–67
region 19:126, 134, 141, 169
sac 4:270
shield 1:315
Gulls 5:421
Gulo-humeral shield boundary 1:318
Gum 1:147
Gustatory gustation 18:125, 186
Gut (see also Intestine) 5:55, 104, 170, 309, 370, 381–383, 385, 387, 390, 413; 10:8, 21, 24, 26, 45; 12:349; 19:26, 32, 39, 41, 113, 430, 487–488, 512, 514
associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) 14:626, 628–631, 652
development 14:137–138, 174, 311, 381, 398, 400–402, 404, 438–439
Gyalopion 7:501; 15:647; 16:123, 145; 19:232; 20:565
canum 19:206
quadrangularis 19:206
Gymnodactylus 5:204; 7:466; 15:212; 16:259, 513; 20:117, 122, 295
ear 2:239, 266, 271
jaw muscles 4:349, 413, 478
kotschyi 19:560
Gymnophiona
copulatory organs 15:168, 240
urinogenital system 6:3–4, 7, 52
Gymnophionians 19:67
Gymnophthalmidae 16:454–455, 465, 473, 492, 513; 19:21; 20:45, 57, 137, 159, 166, 170, 174, 176, 186–187, 190, 194, 252–255, 257–258, 264–265, 269–271, 273–275, 284, 308; 21:15, 135, 232, 235, 400, 402
Gymnophthalmus 15:417, 424, 430, 456–457, 488; 16:118, 464–465, 513; 20:187–190, 192–193, 195; 21:400
eye 2:14
pleii 12:461, 471
speciosus 13:210; 20:187, 189, 301, 308
underwoodi 20:308
Gynogenesis 15:284, 414, 431, 478
Gyrinophilus porphyriticus 19:567
Gyroxin 8:197
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